![]() ![]() During an early research phase in the WAIS-IV project, the research directors investigated if Digit Span Forward could be eliminated (i.e., if the scaled score for Digit Span could be obtained by administering Digit Span Backward and Digit Span Sequencing only). The result was that Digit Span Backward scores dropped, even among high-ability examinees, and the floor of the subtest became much weaker for low-ability examinees. Digit Span Forward appears to fill an essential role as a “warm-up” task for higher-ability examinees prior to Digit Span Backward and Digit Span Sequencing. Its inclusion additionally offers a stronger floor for lower-ability examinees that cannot be achieved with Digit Span Backward and Digit Span Sequencing, even with the simplest of items. It is important to accurately record the examinee's response verbatim. If recording the digits is challenging because the examinee speaks too quickly, examiners occasionally place checkmarks above the digits on the Record Form. This practice can result in some loss of data, however, because incorrect digits were not recorded. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 361.For example, if the examinee consistently misheard or inaccurately recalled “5” as “9,” a qualitative observation is not possible if those data are not present. Digit span in right and left hemiplegics. Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. ![]() Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Clinical Neuropsychologist – Vascular Dementia Special Edition, 18, 83–100. From Binswanger’s disease to Leukoaraiosis: What we have learned about subcortical vascular dementia. Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia. Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. ![]() The impact of region-specific leukoaraiosis on working memory deficits in dementia. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument. Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice: Master lectures. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. Mechanism in thought and morals: An address delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, June 29, 1870, with notes and afterthoughts. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Ruger HA and Bussenius CE, Trans) (Original work published in 1885). Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17, 74–83.Įbbinghaus, H. Clock drawing errors in dementia: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic considerations. Bower, The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol. ![]()
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